Production sector
Sheep and Goats
The sheep and goat sector raises animals for meat and milk and, to a lesser extent, for wool and hides. In Mexico, lamb mainly supplies the barbacoa trade and the carcass market, while goat milk goes into cajeta, cheeses and industrial dairy ingredients. It spans very different systems, from extensive grazing on rangeland to confined feedlots and dairy barns with mechanical milking.
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It hires veterinarians and livestock technicians for reproductive management, herd health and breeding and lambing programs, along with nutritionists who build rations around the forage and crop residues available locally. Goat dairies also need milkers, parlor supervisors and milk quality leads, since payment for the milk depends on somatic cell count and bacterial load. Feedlots require pen managers, feed crews and scale operators, and the more formal operations add traceability and animal health compliance staff. The day starts before dawn, weekends are covered, and lambing and kidding seasons leave no room for a pause.
Where it is concentrated
In Mexico, sheep production is strong in the State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Zacatecas and Querétaro; dairy goats concentrate in the Comarca Lagunera and the Guanajuato Bajío, and meat goats are common across the arid north and central highlands. In South America, sheep farming carries the most weight in Argentine and Chilean Patagonia and in Uruguay, oriented toward wool and meat. The work runs year-round but is organized around breeding and lambing cycles, and extensive systems follow the rainy season, which determines how much rangeland forage there is.
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