Production sector
Mariculture
Mariculture is the farming of organisms at sea: finfish in floating cages — such as yellowtail, totoaba, corvina and ranched tuna — shellfish on suspended systems — oyster, mussel, clam — and seaweed. Unlike a land-based farm, the production unit sits in the water, so the operation depends on vessels, diving and weather windows. It also includes the hatcheries that produce the seed and juveniles that stock those sites.
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It hires marine biologists and aquaculture engineers to manage cages and culture lines, certified divers for net inspection, moorings and thinning, and skippers and deckhands for the support vessels. Fish health and nutrition call for aquatic veterinarians and feeding leads; oyster and mussel operations depend on shellfish sanitation staff who track red tide and coliform monitoring, because a sanitary closure stops the harvest. On shore there are the seed hatcheries, the processing plant with its food safety leads, and the permits and concessions desk, which is constant administrative work. It is an outdoor trade with cold water, early starts and real risk: diving, deck work, and days lost to heavy swell.
Where it is concentrated
In Mexico, mariculture concentrates in Baja California and Baja California Sur — cage-farmed finfish, oyster and ranched tuna — in Sonora and Sinaloa, and in the coastal lagoons of Nayarit, Veracruz and Tabasco for oyster. In South America, Chile is the regional reference with salmon, mussel and seaweed, with activity in Peru around scallop and in Brazil around oyster and mussel. The work is continuous but organized around the weather: cold fronts and swell suspend operations, and seed settlement cycles and harmful algal blooms set the stocking and harvest seasons.
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