Production sector
Forestry
Forestry covers the harvest of natural forest and of commercial plantations: roundwood for sawmills, panels and pulp, plus non-timber products such as pine resin, rubber, palm, mushrooms and forest soil. Alongside it runs an industrial chain of sawmills, drying and secondary processing, and a service branch —nurseries, reforestation, fire management, forest health and environmental services— that sells no timber but keeps production standing. In Mexico much of the productive forest belongs to ejidos and communities, so management happens inside an authorized plan and with the community assembly as counterpart.
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The technical entry point is the forest engineer who runs inventories, marks the standing timber, writes and follows up the management plan and answers to the regulator; around that role sit nursery, planting and field-crew jobs. Plantations and industry hire operations leads, harvest and transport supervisors —where cost is decided in skidding and log logistics—, sawmill and kiln technicians, and quality staff for chain-of-custody certification. Forest health and fire are their own track: the people who detect and fight bark beetle outbreaks, and those who plan firebreaks, prescribed burns and wildfire response in season. This is backcountry work, with dirt roads, camps, days that start before dawn and a good part of the year away from home; working with communal landowners also takes patience for the assembly.
Where it is concentrated
In Mexico timber production concentrates in the Sierra Madre Occidental —Durango, Chihuahua and Jalisco—, in Michoacán, the State of Mexico and Puebla, and in the tropical forests of Oaxaca, Chiapas, Campeche and Quintana Roo; commercial eucalyptus and melina plantations grow mainly in the humid tropics of Veracruz, Tabasco and the Peninsula. In South America the industrial forestry axis is Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina —Misiones and Corrientes—, with pine and eucalyptus for pulp and panels. Seasonality is set by rain and fire rather than by a harvest: extraction and skidding are planned for the dry months, planting follows the first rains, and fire season keeps crews busy through the dry, windy stretch.
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