Production sector
Aquaculture
Aquaculture raises aquatic organisms under controlled conditions; in Mexico the most common freshwater species are tilapia, trout, catfish and carp. Production takes place in earthen ponds, cages in reservoirs, raceways and recirculating systems, depending on the species and the water available. The chain covers the full cycle: hatchery, nursery, grow-out, harvest and processing plant.
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It employs biologists, aquaculture engineers and veterinarians focused on aquatic animal health, along with water quality leads — dissolved oxygen, ammonia, temperature — because that is what decides whether a batch reaches market size. Hatcheries hire maturation, larviculture and microalgae technicians; farms hire pond managers, feeders, divers and aeration and pumping operators. Processing plants add food safety, certification and traceability leads, since export markets require records of origin, feed and treatments applied. The work is outdoors, in constant contact with water, with overnight monitoring and harvests that start before daybreak.
Where it is concentrated
Tilapia and catfish are produced in Sinaloa, Michoacán, Jalisco, Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz and Nayarit; trout in the cold, running-water areas of the State of Mexico, Puebla, Veracruz, Michoacán and Chihuahua. In South America, Chile is the reference for salmonids, Ecuador and Brazil have broad aquaculture chains, and tilapia is produced in Colombia, Honduras and Costa Rica. Production is continuous, though water temperature sets growth rates and defines stocking and harvest seasons.
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